Trafficking in Persons

In 2016, there were an estimated 40.3 million victims of modern slavery in the world, more than were enslaved during the Transatlantic Slave Trade. Since the adoption of the 2000 UN Trafficking Protocol, numerous efforts from inter-governmental agencies, governmental agencies, international non-governmental organizations (INGOs), and domestic non...

The guide summarizes an assessment of War Child Canada’s three-pronged legal protection model was implemented with South Sudanese refugees in Northern Uganda and uses it to identify the most important lessons for ensuring legal protection mechanisms are in place at the onset of an emergency. It is meant to help build the evidence base on what may be a...

Marriage under the age of 18 is widely considered a human rights violation, though it is legal with parental consent in many countries. It falls within the definition of genderbased violence.Married girls are at risk of intimate partner violence and exposure to sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. Marriage often means the end of a girl’s education...

The manual developed by CRISIS and ACTRAV puts the emphasis on the importance of the role of trade unions in prevention and early warning and proposes measures and initiatives to be implemented by trade unions in cooperation with governments, employers and other players in civil society with a view to achieving peace, building upon it and undertaking...

Commercial sexual exploitation and trafficking of children is considered by ILO as one of the worst forms of child labour which requires immediate and definitive action from governments. It is a violation of the fundamental human rights of the most vulnerable in our society, our children, and an outrage that must be condemned in the strongest manner, it must...

Since its foundation, the ILO has contributed to state building through social reform, by promoting democratic participation, social dialogue and fundamental rights. In more recent years, it has also highlighted the role of socio-economic programmes and policies in peace building and the recovery of countries involved in conflicts, violent social unrest...

Provides technical and operational information to promote effective response in four types of crisis situations: natural disasters, financial and economic downturns, armed conflicts and social and political transitions. Outlines the characteristics, causes and societal impact of each type of crisis and describes the ILO response in relation to pre-crisis...

IOM engages the public in counter-trafficking efforts through outreach such as awareness campaigns. Infographics, comics, and other visuals can help to educate communities on the risks and realities of trafficking throughout the world to mobilize people to end it. Browse the materials from previous IOM campaigns below for examples and ideas on how to convey...

This report – a collaboration between IOM and Samuel Hall in the framework of the Cooperation on Migration and Partnerships to Achieve Sustainable Solutions (COMPASS) programme, funded by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands – presents findings from a study undertaken in four countries (Bangladesh, Nigeria, the Republic of Moldova and Tunisia)...

The 2021 European Union (EU) Strategy on Return and Reintegration promotes voluntary return and reintegration as an integral part of a common EU system for returns, however, it does not specifically address the return and reintegration of victims of trafficking and people vulnerable to trafficking and exploitation. The Commission Staff Working Document on...

Irregular migration can be a dangerous, degrading process that deprives migrants of their intrinsic worth and rights as human beings. Too often, on the routes through Africa and across the Mediterranean, human smugglers, traffickers and others take advantage of migrants who are fleeing violence, the impacts of climate change, or are desperate to make a...

This article discusses the critical importance of re/integration services in the lives of trafficked persons and as central to an effective anti-trafficking response. It outlines how support and resources for re/integration services have so far not been widely available and the impact of this on trafficked persons. The article also discusses different...

Assisting survivors of trafficking is considered one of the pillars of a human rights-based response Shelter, medical, psychological and legal assistance in the short term and job placement, accommodation and reunification with family and community in the long term are critical steps for helping them recover and feel in control of their lives and futures...

Despite the significant international attention to human trafficking in the fishing industry in Southeast Asia, victims continue to experience poor outcomes after their return to Thailand. The Labour Rights Promotion Network (LPN) has assisted many returned fishermen in the difficult journey that begins after their rescue and repatriation. In this paper, we...

Large numbers of Indonesian men migrate each year for work in construction, in factories and in agriculture, on plantations and on fishing boats. Many of them end up exploited in ways that constitute human trafficking, suffering violence, deprivation, restricted freedom and severe exploitation as well as long periods of separation from their families. This...

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the Indian government’s efforts to combat pervasive child trafficking for labour exploitation through rescue and reintegration of affected children. It evaluates the extensive policy and legal frameworks against on-the-ground realities in the states of Bihar and Rajasthan, using empirical findings from a...

Circular labour migration is frequently portrayed as a gender-neutral phenomenon. Despite the growing literature on the feminization of migration, scholarly and policy literature is often gender-blind. In Nepal, over the last decade, the share of women migrant workers has significantly increased. The National Population Census 2011 shows that about 13 per...

Although return is a natural part of migration patterns, it can also become a highly sensitive issue when migrants are not legally entitled to remain in their host country and decide to return home of their own volition or are compelled to do so by force. Irregular migration remains a prominent trend in Bali Process Member States. Through an Assisted...

This policy guide provides overarching guidance on the core principles and approaches for the successful design and formulation of policies on returns and reintegration by the member states of the Bali Process. The policy guide should be used in conjunction with the Bali Process Thematic Brief on Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration (AVRR), produced...