Economic Opportunities and Labour Rights

The report provides a comprehensive analysis of the challenges faced by women migrant workers in several African countries, including Côte D’Ivoire, Egypt, Morocco, Senegal, Sudan, and Tunisia. It examines the legal and policy frameworks related to migration, anti-trafficking, anti-smuggling, and labor laws from a gender equality and women’s rights...

Designed as a practical guide, this document aims to address the needs of migrant workers and victims of labor trafficking within the European Union, as well as in Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. It serves to equip national authorities—specifically labor, immigration, prosecution, and counter-trafficking agencies—alongside civil society...

This document offers guidance on incorporating ethical recruitment practices into both new and existing Comprehensive Information and Orientation Programmes (CIOP). Aimed at CIOP professional trainers, labour recruiters, and employers, it facilitates the effective implementation of Pre-Employment, Pre-Departure, Post-Arrival, and Pre-Return Orientation...

Debt and indebtedness are central to the lives of migrants from South-East Asia. Debt and the Migration Experience focuses attention on the role of debt in the migration process. Indebtedness and other forms of financial insecurity that return migrants experience affects the migration as well as sustainable return of migrant. This report understands the...

This qualitative study provided a platform for the victims' voices to be heard as they described their actual experiences. h focused on generating an in-depth understanding on child sex trafficking in the tourism sector in Sri Lanka. The research aimed to provide new knowledge on main research questions of (a) What are the experiences of child victims of...

This document provides a comprehensive summary of the trends, developments and associated activities concerning the International Organization for Migration's (IOM) return and reintegration efforts in 2023. The report includes detailed statistical summaries at both regional and country levels. Additionally, it highlights innovative approaches implemented by...

The Eastern and Horn of Africa region is one of the world’s most dynamic areas in terms of migration, driven by a complex interplay of economic, social, and security factors. Migrants and mobile populations in this region face numerous challenges in accessing essential healthcare services, including the absence of migrant-inclusive healthcare laws and...

Gender is now increasingly becoming central to discussions of the causes and consequences of migration. Given the widespread acknowledgement that the "feminization" of migration has changed migration patterns and processes worldwide, Gender affects migration motivations, migration patterns, and migration behaviors. This publication explores the critical...

In a large research study, the Research Centre of the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF) and IOM joined forces to assess the return and reintegration experiences of almost 1,000 returnees who received assistance from the StarthilfePlus programme. The research looks at reintegration processes at the individual level across three dimensions of...

Freedom of association and collective bargaining (FACB) are fundamental rights of universal scope that should apply to all workers – including migrant workers. The ILO Report on Migrant Workers’ Rights to Freedom of Association and Collective Bargaining supports efforts to fine-tune laws and regulations to promote migrant workers’ FACB rights. It depicts the...

This policy brief summarizes the findings of a joint study by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) that examined links between climate change and labour migration. In Malaysia, the study focused on workers from Bangladesh and Indonesia employed on large estates in Johor and Pahang, the top two palm...

This brief provides insights for businesses on climate change, labour migration and human rights, drawing on a joint study by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the Stockholm Environment Institute. The study focused on migrant workers from Bangladesh and Indonesia employed on large palm oil plantations in Peninsular Malaysia, and on...

This policy brief summarizes the findings of a joint study by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the Stockholm Environment Institute that examined links between climate change and international labour migration. In Thailand, the study focused on workers from Cambodia and Myanmar employed by smallholder farmers on sugarcane plantations in...

Understanding the needs of migrant workers across the labour migration life cycle, this reintegration manual offers practical guidance on designing, implementing, monitoring and evaluating reintegration assistance programmes for returning migrant workers in South Asia. The target audience for this manual are primarily policymakers, practitioners and service...

This Migration Research Series paper explores the impact of COVID-19 on the return migration of international and internal Indian migrants. The paper provides an overview of return migration dynamics in India and the various vulnerabilities of Indian migrants that were exacerbated during the pandemic. The paper examines the programmes and policies that...

The time to plan and prepare for return and reintegration support is now, as relevant policy and programming discussions are ongoing, in Ukraine, in the European Union (EU), and in hosting countries. The commitments and decisions made at policy and programme level regarding return and reintegration must be coherent, evidence-based and in support of bath...

Climate change is affecting countries around the world, but some of its most intense impacts occur in low- and middle-income countries that have limited resources to prepare and adapt. Many of these countries also welcome back significant numbers of returned migrants. Those returning to areas where climate events and environmental degradation are negatively...