Return and Reintegration

The return and readmission of migrants to their countries of origin, or third countries, and their reintegration into the societies and communities that receive them, are natural features of international mobility. More than ever, migration today is not a linear phenomenon starting with emigration and ending with permanent settlement in a new country. Rather...

In 2019, the IOM Regional Data Hub (RDH) for the East and Horn of Africa (EHoA) launched a multistage research project aimed at better understanding the experiences, decision-making, perceptions and expectations of young Ethiopians along the Eastern Route regarding their migration. The first two stages of the research project were carried out in Obock...

El presente documento describe la creación y puesta en marcha de un modelo de reintegración social, económico y empático para el migrante en retorno. En él, se establece una herramienta metodológica que atiende las problemáticas que los migrantes enfrentan a su regreso, de manera diferenciada. Su propósito es garantizar su plena reincorporación a la vida...

Despite the increasing attention in academic literature, it continues to be extremely challenging to capture the complexity of reintegration processes and post-return situations. This article argues that the concept of well-being, which captures contextual differences, self-chosen points of reference and summarizes a multitude of outcomes, has the potential...

More than six million people have been deported from the United States since 1996. The Dominican Republic is one of the top ten countries to which deportees are sent. Most scholarship on deportation focuses on the challenges deportees face post-deportation. There is also a long history of scholarship on how migrants draw from social, human and financial...

Although there is a substantial and growing volume of research on the return and reintegration processes of migrants, insufficient attention has been paid to the contextual meaning of reintegration, in particular for those returning to rural areas. Accordingly, based on an extensive literature review complemented with insights from forced returnees and...

In Africa, international migration to the Global North is often interpreted as a means to achieve upward social mobility. This article highlights the importance of considering the socio-economic and political transformations that form migration aspirations, especially among African youths. Simultaneously, increasing restrictive migration regimes impacts the...

This article seeks to understand the role of the migration lifecycle in the subjective evaluation of return by Ethiopian deportees from Saudi Arabia, focusing on the conditions that lead to positive evaluation of the return. Logistic regression analysis was carried out on a unique data set of 2,039 Ethiopian deportees from Saudi Arabia collected in 2014...

The joint research between the François-Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights at Harvard University (FXB Centre) and the International Organization for Migration (IOM) aims to examine the challenges along migration routes within and through West and Central Africa. The findings shall be used for policy and programming recommendations. The...

This report provides a snapshot of international data across a range of migration topics that are relevant to policymakers, the public and others. This overview of key migration trends is of particular importance due to not only the migration-related aspects of the Sustainable Development Goals and the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration...

Since 2000, IOM has been producing its flagship world migration reports every two years. The World Migration Report 2022, the eleventh in the world migration report series, has been produced to contribute to increased understanding of migration and mobility throughout the world. This new edition presents key data and information on migration as well as...

The EU-IOM Joint Initiative for Migrant Protection and Reintegration: The Gambia is part of a regional initiative covering and closely cooperating with 26 countries in North Africa, the Horn of Africa and the Sahel and Lake Chad region. It aims to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of returning migrants and to contribute to strengthening migration...

The EU-IOM Joint Initiative for Migrant Protection and Reintegration: The Gambia is part of a regional initiative covering and closely cooperating with 26 countries in North Africa, the Horn of Africa and the Sahel and Lake Chad region. It aims to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of returning migrants and to contribute to strengthening migration...

Somalia lies at the centre of old migration routes dating back centuries, and now used by scores of mainly young people, including minors, on their way to the Gulf countries. The country is a key source, transit and, to some extent, destination location for irregular migratory flows due to its porous borders, including Africa’s longest coastline. From March...

This document presents an analysis of interviews conducted with all individuals assisted in their voluntary return by IOM in the first semester of 2020 (8,260) to one of the 23 countries covered by the West and Central Africa region (WCA). The analysis combines datasets from both Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration (AVRR) and Voluntary Humanitarian...

This document presents an analysis of interviews conducted with all individuals assisted in their voluntary return by IOM in 2017-2020 (109,846) to one of the 23 countries covered by the West and Central Africa region (WCA). The analysis combines datasets from both Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration (AVRR) and Voluntary Humanitarian returns (VHR).

The EU-IOM Knowledge Management Hub has developed a Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) package for return and reintegration programmes. This M&E package can be used for the development of results monitoring frameworks, M&E plans and the conduct of monitoring and evaluation activities for return and reintegration programmes. It aims at initiating progressive...

This report presents the outcomes of two combined research projects: 1) “Comparative reintegration outcomes in forced and voluntary returns”, and 2) “Understanding and implementing gender-sensitive sustainable reintegration”. The aims of these projects were to study differences in reintegration outcomes between forced and voluntary returnees, and male and...