Youth on the Move, Travelling by Sea and by Land to Europe in 2023

Mixed migration flows to Europe are characterized by a sizeable share of children and young adults. The report highlights the vulnerabilities of these young migrants, who are often travelling alone and report higher rates of abuse, exploitation, and violence compared to adults. By examining their diverse profiles and their routes through African, Middle Eastern, and Asian countries, the report identifies how nationality, gender, and other individual circumstances shape the risks they encounter along the way.

The report reveals that 42% of surveyed young migrants encountered severe hardships, including financial struggles, inadequate food, poor shelter, theft, and health issues, while a third reported forced labor, unpaid work, physical violence, or deprivation of liberty.

By employing a route-based approach, the report provides valuable insights into the lived experiences of these migrants, emphasizing the urgent need for IOM and humanitarian partners to strengthen protection efforts and support systems during transit and after arrival in Europe.